Sample Research Paper on Native Americans Through out the history when humans walked the earth there always has been a dominant group trying to convert people different from them into sharing their beliefs and cultures. There has been many different process that these dominant groups have tried to convert their sub dominant groups, and many times through out history this has led to oppression of the sub dominant group. This was no different among the Native Americans. Living peacefully before the Europeans settlers arrived in the Americas the natives at the time led a plain, ritualistic type of life. At this time the Native Americans were the dominant group of the Americas. Only when these settlers arrived did the lives of these natives change drastically. In the beginning of these two groups meeting there was tension but both managed to corporate with each other, but as the settlers began to get comfortable with there surroundings things would start to change. These settlers, who in large part were explorers from Western Europe, would start to demand change and eventually this would lead to a great oppression of these native people. There were many groups or tribes of Native Americans back at the time when this oppression started, some are still here and some are long forgotten but all at some point were oppressed by these white explorers. At the present time this oppression is largely exterminated but in the past it held a large race of people back for centuries. In the following report the many years of oppression, the reasons this oppression started, and today’s current involvement with these Native Americans will be fully examined and explained.
First, we'll look at the lifestyles of the inhabitants of America prior to the arrival of Europeans and their attempts to adhere to their customs. Because of the widespread idea at the time of Columbus research paper writing help that the Americas were the far ends of the Indies, these Native Americans have been referred to as Indians for a long time. (Native Americans, #1 in 2001) This would include the period prior to the subjugation of this group, such as when settlers coexisted with Native Americans, and even further back in history, before the settlers were even involved, when the Indians were free. As previously noted, the western hemisphere was home to numerous Native American tribes. These tribes were found all throughout the Americas, north and south, but we'll concentrate on those who lived in what is now the United States. These tribes spanned the whole northwest coast, from what is now Washington State and upper California, to the eastern forests of modern-day New York.
There would be less interactions between the two groups as the years passed, but there would still be some. For many years, the only way for these communities to connect was through the exchanging of items. The materials to be exchanged were different on both sides. Fur, hides, jewelry, and rugs, for example, were traded for firearms, ammo, steel traps, and goods like sugar or salt.
At the finally of all these wars the settlers had become victorious. They have now spread through out all the United States, settling the South and West of our nation. Now that they were in control they began to force Indians to do things against their will and placing restrictions on what they could do. One of the first things that happened was the Native American people were forced to live in land the government set aside for them call reservations. Although reservations are still around in present day many qualities of them have changed. Today reservations are not looked at as such a negative aspect of Native American life, but many see it as their homeland and a place to bring back a way of culture and life rarely followed anymore. Many of the first reservations had a very negative property instill in them, much oppressions and stereotypes would be place on this group during these times.
Eventually the Native Americans would fight back. One of the first ways the Native Americans fought back was the Allotment Act (also called the Dawes Act) of 1887. This act essay writers changed the ownership of tribal lands. Previously the community was the owners of the land but this act would turn it into individual ownership. Each Indian that was over 18 years old and was male was given an portion of acres and the rest of the tribal lands, considered to be “excess,” were sold to non-Indians. In the early to mid 1900′s the Indians would join other minority groups in the Civil Rights Movements.
Their goals in mind were to gain their land that was lost to treaties and wars, and recover any reparations that the government might owe them. To fight all these discriminations Native American people got together and formed groups to help end the prejudices against them. One of these groups was the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Started in 1864, it played a large role between federal and tribal governments in the 1900Тs. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is known for doing many things in the push for Native American civil liberties. One thing this group is famous for is that they gave strong support and aid to Indians in cities, and gave a strong effort into moving Indians into cities and helping them in finding jobs, and more in order to get the Indians equal rights and pay. “The off-reservation policies of the BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) were reflected in fiscal activities of the BIA in that the Bureau of Indian Affairs shifted federal dollars away from reservations to support some activities in urban areasЕnearly one half a dozen of these offices were established “in such cities as Seattle, Washington; Los Angles, California; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Gallup, New Mexico; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Cleveland, Ohio.” (#7 1993 pg. 34 Frazier) But the greatest single thing that the Bureau of Indian Affairs would do for the Native Americans would be the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924. This act did exactly what it stated, it granted citizenship of the United States to Indians for the first time, and now allowed them to vote.
There were other other legislation, documents, and activities that granted these Native Americans the liberties they so richly deserved. The Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 was a significant piece of legislation. This statute is essentially the Bill of Rights for Native Americans. Individual rights of an Indian are protected under this act, which include freedom of religion and speech, the right not to incriminate oneself, no double jeopardy, and the remainder of the first ten amendments of the US Constitution. The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 was another significant piece of legislation. The goal of this act was to allow as many Indians as possible to participate in governance and education. It also ensured that Indian tribes were fully represented in US government programs and services for Indians, and fostered the development of Indian people's human resources, such as control over their own education. Although there are many more acts, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 will be the last one mentioned in this article. This act specified that no human remains, funerary objects, religious objects, or culturally significant things might be touched, removed, or destroyed without the necessary authorization, which includes national museums for the purpose of preserving the nation's past.
Besides these acts that promoted Native American rights there were many other things the Indians were awarded to compensate for their losses. One such way was, with the exception of federal income taxes accounting homework help, most Indian’s live a nearly tax free life. Also many areas of lost lands have been claimed back by the Native Americans. The Indians not having to pay property taxes, and many United States laws not being able to apply on these newly acquired lands, due to the Native American’s reparations, many Native Americans took advantage of their wonderful position. The Indians would open big industries and businesses on these lands; businesses such as five star casinos, restaurants and hotels, which in many cases are a multimillion dollar a year industry.
This Native American history in North American is a long and eventful history. Starting with the relatively peaceful times of free roaming Indians, called the pre-constitutional era, until the introduction of the white European settlers, labeled the formative years; then this was followed by the oppression of their race, named the Era of Allotment and Assimilation, and later the government correcting its prejudice towards Indians in the past, which has been dubbed the Termination Era and the Self Determination Era. No matter how much reform is taken there is still discrimination of Indians in society today. An example of this can be shown on the very campus this author studies at. In a news paper that has been circulated on the Oswego State campus a story has been written about a so called Halloween prank stating that a student “made his way into a class being taught by a Native American professor, and proceeded to shoot a plastic arrow at the instructor in question and say “know try to get your land”. (#9 2003 Ponder) This goes to show that even in the present day discrimination of Native Americans is taking place, and the question is when will it stop?
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